Alteration of the Basal Membrane Integrity in Orthodontic Treatment–Induced Gingival Enlargement
Keywords:
gingival overgrowth, basal membrane, orthodontics, gum, epithelial-mesenchymal transition.Abstract
Introduction: Orthodontic treatment–induced gingival enlargement is a progressive, localized or generalized increase in gingival tissue.
Objective: To determine morphologic aspects in the basal membrane of the gingival tissue in patients with orthodontic treatment–induced gingival enlargement.
Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out, in which gingival tissues of patients with orthodontic treatment–induced gingival enlargement (test group: n=5) and healthy individuals (control group: n=5) were analyzed by histological and immunohistochemical analysis with the polyclonal antibody anticytokeratin 14. Grade 1 and grade 2 disrupted basal membrane were identified. The statistical program R (version 4.0.2) for Windows was used. Significance was declared if p was greater than 0.05.
Results: The presence of disrupted basal membranes was observed in all the patients from the test group. These individuals presented a greater number of morphological changes in the gingival tissue. Compared to the control group (p < 0.001), statistically significant values were observed for cases of disrupted basal membrane (grade I) and disruptions surrounded by epithelial cells or gingival fibroblasts (grade II).
Conclusion: The epithelial tissue of patients with orthodontic treatment–induced gingival enlargement shows an evident loss of the basal membrane integrity. These discontinuities are suggestive of a considerable increase in epithelial plasticity in patients with orthodontic treatment–induced gingival enlargement.
Downloads
References
Drăghici EC, CrăiŢoiu Ş, MercuŢ V, Scrieciu M, Popescu SM, Diaconu OA, et al. Local cause of gingival overgrowth. Clinical and histological study. Rom J Morphol Embryol [Internet]. 2016 [citado 2022 Mayo 20]; 57(2):427–35. Disponible en: https://rjme.ro/RJME/resources/files/570216427435.pdf
Sharma R, Das P, Kairo A, Kale SS. Phenytoin-Induced Gingival Overgrowth with Predominant Involvement of Hard Palate and Floor of Oral Cavity: A Case Report and Review of Literature. J Neurosci Rural Pract [Internet]. 2020 [citado 2022 Jun 10]; 11(2):349-352. Disponible en : https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1709249
Manzur-Villalobos I, Díaz-Rengifo IA, Manzur-Villalobos D, Díaz-Caballero AJ. Agrandamiento gingival farmacoinducido: Serie de casos. Univ. Salud [Internet]. 2018 [citado 2022 Mayo 20]; 20(1):89-96. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.22267/rus.182001.113
Fang L, Tan BC. Clinical presentation and management of drug-induced gingival overgrowth: A case series. World J Clin Cases [Internet]. 2021 [citado 2022 Jun 10]; 9(32):9926-9934. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v9.i32.9926
Almansob YA, Alhammadi MS, Luo XJ, Alhajj MN, Zhou L, Almansoub HA, Mao J. Comprehensive evaluation of factors that induce gingival enlargement during orthodontic treatment: A cross-sectional comparative study. Niger J Clin Pract [Internet]. 2021 [citado 2022 Jun 10]; 24(11):1649-1655. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_69_21
Pinto AS, Alves LS, Zenkner JE do A, Zanatta FB, Maltz M. Gingival enlargement in orthodontic patients: Effect of treatment duration. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop [Internet]. 2017 [citado 2022 Mayo 20]; 152(4):477–82. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.10.042
Zanatta FB, Ardenghi TM, Antoniazzi RP, Pinto TMP, Rösing CK. Association between gingival bleeding and gingival enlargement and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of subjects under fixed orthodontic treatment: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health [Internet]. 2012 [citado 2022 Mayo 20]; 12(1):53. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6831-12-53
Orozco-Páez J, Méndez-Rodríguez MA, Rodríguez-Cavallo E, Díaz-Caballero A, Méndez-Cuadro D. Protein carbonylation associated with nickel liberation in orthodontic gingival overgrowth. Arch Oral Biol [Internet]. 2021 [citado 2022 Jun 10]; 125:105103. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105103
Rodríguez Vásquez A, Fernández García L, Valladares Trochez E. Prevalencia de agrandamiento y retracción gingival en pacientes con tratamiento de ortodoncia. PC [Internet]. 2018 [citado 2022 Mayo 20]; 13:21-31. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.5377/pc.v13i0.5918
Simancas-Escorcia V, Leal-Betancur J, Diaz-Caballero A. Expression of type III collagen in hypertrophic gingival tissue of patients with orthodontic treatment: a pilot study. Rev Fac Odontol Univ Antioq [Internet]. 2020 [citado 2022 Mayo 20]; 32(2): 53-63. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rfo.v32n2a5
Sume SS, Kantarci A, Lee A, Hasturk H, Trackman PC. Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Gingival Overgrowth. Am J Pathol [Internet]. 2010 [citado 2022 Mayo 20]; 177(1):208–18. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2353/ajpath.2010.090952
Sridharan S, Nunna P, Jaicob TE, Agustine D, Shetty V, Srirangarajan D. Role of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Phenytoin Influenced Gingival Overgrowth in Children and Young Adults. A Preliminary Clinical and Immunohistochemical Study. J Clin Pediatr Dent [Internet]. 2019 [citado 2022 Mayo 20]; 43(5):350–5. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.17796/1053-4625-43.5.9
Gonzalez DM, Medici D. Signaling mechanisms of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Sci Signal [Internet]. 2014 [citado 2022 Mayo 20]; 7(344):re8–re8. Disponible en: https://doi.org//10.1126/scisignal.2005189
Carlson RV, Boyd KM, Webb DJ. The revision of the Declaration of Helsinki: past, present and future. Br J Clin Pharmacol [Internet]. 2004 [citado 2022 Mayo 20]; 57(6):695–713. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2004.02103.x
Sekiguchi R, Yamada KM. Basement Membranes in Development and Disease. Curr Top Dev Biol [Internet]. 2018 [citado 2022 Mayo 20]; 130:143-191. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.ctdb.2018.02.005
Rahul M, Gauba K, Gorwade N, Kumar A. Rare case report of idiopathic gingival fibromatosis in childhood and its management. BMJ Case Rep [Internet]. 2019 [citado 2022 Mayo 20]; 12(1):e227942. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2018-227942
Kim S, Nikoloudaki G, Darling M, Rieder M. Phenytoin activates Smad3 phosphorylation and periostin expression in drug-induced gingival enlargement. Histol Histopathol [Internet]. 2018 [citado 2022 Mayo 20]; 33:18015. Disponible en: http://doi.org/10.14670/HH-18-015
Sharma S, Shahi AK, Prajapati VK, Singh B. Idiopathic gingival fibromatosis with massive gingival overgrowth: A rare case report. J Indian Soc Periodontol [Internet]. 2020 [citado 2022 Mayo 20]; 24(4):379-382. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.4103/jisp.jisp_426_19
Kletukhina S, Neustroeva O, James V, Rizvanov A, Gomzikova M. Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Int J Mol Sci [Internet]. 2019 [citado 2022 Mayo 20]; 20(19):4813. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194813
Chen T, You Y, Jiang H, Wang ZZ. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT): A biological process in the development, stem cell differentiation, and tumorigenesis. J Cell Physiol [Internet]. 2017 [citado 2022 Mayo 20]; 232(12):3261–72. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.25797
Arora H. Immunohistochemical Localization of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Markers in Cyclosporine A Induced Gingival Overgrowth. J Clin Diagn Res [Internet]. 2016 [citado 2022 Mayo 20]; 10(8):ZC48-52. Disponible en: http://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2016/20808.8271
Valach J, Foltán R, Vlk M, Szabo P, Smetana K. Phenotypic characterization of oral mucosa: what is normal? J Oral Pathol Med [Internet]. 2017 [citado 2022 Mayo 20]; 46(9):834–9. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/jop.12556
Rosin FCP, Gonsalves H, Santos AF, de Paula Novaes C, Huang I, Deboni MCZ, Corrêa L. Keratin expression in gingival tissue and primary cultured gingival keratinocytes: Are there differences? Arch Oral Biol [Internet]. 2020 [citado 2022 Mayo 20]; 117:104780. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104780
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors retain all rights to their works, which they can reproduce and distribute as long as they cite the primary source of publication.
The Rev Cubana Estomatol is subject to the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) and follows the publication model of SciELO Publishing Schema (SciELO PS) for publication in XML format.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material.
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
- You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
- No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
Download PDF
