Biology of bone tissue and morphological changes in its regeneration
Keywords:
dental implants, scar, bone regeneration, osseointegration.Abstract
Introduction: Bone regeneration allows the reintegration and conformation of tissues after the extraction or correction of a bone defect. It is considered a stimulation technique for the formation of new bone, where the construction and preservation of the clot is favored in order to avoid infiltration in the repair area of cellular components (epithelial and conjunctiva cells).
Objective: Describe the changes at the morphological level during the bone regeneration process and mention different bone preservation techniques and the necessary factors for their implementation.
Case presentation: Female patient with asymptomatic apical periodontitis in dental organs 34 and 37, who underwent alveolar preservation through the practice of atraumatic exodontics and bone regeneration with xenograft, collagen membrane placement and immediate post-extraction implant.
Main comments: The immediate placement of post-exodontic implants allows a good preservation of the alveolus, as long as the clinical conditions of the patient allow it, for example, the absence of exacerbated infectious processes as in the present case. Bone regeneration, in the defect produced by the periapical inflammatory process, involved a correct detoxification of the area through curettage and the application of antibiotics. Exaggerated immune response to bone grafts is not common; however, in this case it led to a partial loss of bone substitute without compromising the prognosis of the implants.
Downloads
References
Fernández I, Alobera M, Canto M, Blanco L. Bases fisiológicas de la regeneración ósea I: Histología y fisiología del tejido óseo. Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal; 2006; 11(1): 47-51.
Cardaropoli G, Araújo M, Lindhe J. Dynamics of bone tissue formation in tooth extraction sites. An experimental study in dogs. J Clin Periodontol. 2003 Sep; 30(9):809-18.
Harrison J W. Healing of Surgical Wounds in Oral Mucoperiosteal Tissues. J Endod. 1991 Aug; 17(8):401-8.
Araújo M G, Lindhe J. Dimensional ridge alterations following tooth extraction. An experimental study in the dog. J Clin Periodontol. 2005 Feb; 32(2):212-8.
Fernández IF, Alobera MA, Canto MD, Blanco L. Bases fisiológicas de la regeneración ósea II: El proceso de remodelado. Med. Oral. Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal. 2006. Abr; 11(2):151-7.
Scala A, Lang N P, Schweikert M T, de Oliveira J A, Rangel-Garcia Jr I, Botticelli D. Sequential healing of open extraction sockets. An experimental study in monkeys. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2014 Mar; 25(3):288-95.
Martínez O, Barone A, Covani U, Fernández A, Jiménez A, Monsalve L et al. Injertos óseos y biomateriales en implantología oral. Av Odontoestomatol. 2018 Jun; 34(3):111-9.
García M, Yassin S, Bascones A. Técnicas de preservación de alveolo y de aumento del reborde alveolar: revisión de la literatura. Avances en Periodoncia. 2016; 28 (2):71-81.
Monzón D, Martínez I, Rodríguez R, Piña J, Pérez E. Injertos óseos en Implantología oral. Rev. Med. Electrón. 2014; 36 (4): 449-61.
Wang W, Yeung K. Bone grafts and biomaterials substitutes for bone defect repair: A review. Bioact Mater. 2017 Jun; 2(4):224-47.
Buser D, Chappuis V, Belser UC, Chen S. Implant placement post extraction in esthetic single tooth sites: when immediate, when early, when late? Periodontol 2000. 2017 Feb; 73(1):84-102.
Chappuis V, Araújo MG, Buser D. Clinical relevance of dimensional bone and soft tissue alterations post-extraction in esthetic sites. Periodontol 2000. 2017 Feb; 73(1):73-83.
Chrcanovic B, Martins M, Wennerberg A. Immediate placement of implants into infected sites: a systematic review. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2015; 17 Suppl 1:e1-e16.
Bronstein M, Nappe C, Villavicencio J, Toro H, Guiñez H. Preservación de alveolos mediante fosfato tricálcico beta, con y sin membrana. Rev. Clin. Periodoncia Implantol. Rehabil. Oral. 2016; 9(2):168-74.
García A, Donohue A, Cuevas M, Ávila R, Cuevas J. Periimplantitis: Revisión de la Literatura. Int. J. Odontostomat. 2016; 10(2): 255-60.
Orión A, Salgado J, Sanz M, Moreno M, Haidar A, Blanco A, Velasco E. Profilaxis antibiótica en implantología oral. Revisión crítica de la literatura. Rev Esp Cir Oral Maxilofac. 2019; 41(2):80-90.
Danesh-Sani SA, Tarnow D, Yip JK, Mojaver R. The Influence of Cortical Bone Perforation on Guided Bone Regeneration in Humans. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2017 Feb; 46(2):261-6.
Alvira-González J, De Stavola L. The Role of Cortical Perforations in Bone Regeneration: A Systematic Review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019 Nov 9; S0901-5027(19)31359-1.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors retain all rights to their works, which they can reproduce and distribute as long as they cite the primary source of publication.
The Rev Cubana Estomatol is subject to the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) and follows the publication model of SciELO Publishing Schema (SciELO PS) for publication in XML format.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material.
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
- You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
- No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.