Biosynthesis of arachidonic acid products and their impact on inflammation
Abstract
The release of arachidonic acid or other unsaturated fatty acids of 20 carbon atoms, the icosatrienoic and the ecosapentanoic, from the tissue reserves, is the first phase of the synthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes. Once the arachidonic acid is released from the histic reserves, its transformation into prostacyclin, prostaglandins and thromboxane is initiated by the cyclization and incorporation of molecular oxygen, catalyzed by the cyclooxygenase that is present in most of the cells. Lipoxygenases also metabolize arachidonic acid to various products with the hydroxy-peroxy group in different positions and thus increase the synthesis of leukotrienes.The metabolites of arachidonic acid, both in the cyclooxygenase pathway and lipoxygenase pathway, have a definite and important participation in the various stages of the inflammatory process. Several drugs contribute to improve the inflammatory process by inhibiting specific enzymes.
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