Bruxism and clinical manifestations of the stomatognathic system in dentistry students
Keywords:
Bruxism, sleep bruxism, bruxism, nocturnal, bruxomania, teeth grinding disorder, signs and symptoms, stomatognathic system, dentistry, students, EcuadorAbstract
Introduction: In daily dental practice, bruxism is detected through signs and symptoms reported by the patient and clinical findings. This disorder is characterized by the involuntary contraction of the masticatory muscles under unnatural conditions, causing repetitive jaw movements that can lead to serious health complications. There are two main types of bruxism: nocturnal (sleep-related) and diurnal (awake). The consequences of bruxism are diverse and affect both dental health and quality of life.
Objective: To determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of bruxism in the stomatognathic system of a group of university students.
Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample consisted of 425 dentistry students from the Catholic University of Guayaquil, Ecuador, who signed an informed consent form. For the diagnosis of bruxism, a validated questionnaire (Bruxism Status Examination Protocol) containing 22 questions and two parts, intraoral and extraoral examinations, was used.
Results: The age range was 17 to 40 (22.05 ± 3.324) years. Women predominated, accounting for 63.1% (268/425). Bruxism was observed in 49.4% (210/425) of the participants. Diurnal bruxism was present in 51.9% (109/210), nocturnal bruxism in 26.2% (55/210), and both types in 21.9% (46/210). Among bruxism sufferers, the following associated conditions were identified: 17.1% (36/210) had sleep disorders, 6.7% (14/210) showed temporomandibular joint dysfunction, and 5.7% (12/210) reported psychological disorders. The risk of bruxism was 5.36 times higher when occlusal wear was observed and 5.59 when muscle fatigue was present.
Conclusions: A high prevalence of bruxism was demonstrated among students. It was significantly associated with various signs and symptoms, and considerably affected this age group.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Tony Luis Mosquera Chavez, Erika Teresa Heredia Bowen, Marcelo Armijos Briones, María José Valdiviezo Gilces, Estefanía Ocampo Poma, Héctor Alfredo Lema Gutiérrez, María Caridad Barciela González–Longoria, Lorenzo Lima Álvarez, Antonio Diaz Machado
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