Need for Orthodontic Treatment according to the Dental Esthetic Index in the Kichwa Saraguro Ethnic Group, Ecuador
Keywords:
malocclusion, orthodontic treatment need index, index, dental esthetics.Abstract
Introduction: Occlusal features in an ethnic group may be associated with genetic and sociocultural factors that contribute to the morphology of occlusal and facial features in indigenous groups.
Objective: To determine the need for orthodontic treatment according to the dental esthetic index and sex in the Kichwa Saraguro ethnic group, Ecuador.
Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study that was carried out in 2018 in 465 adolescents aged 12 to 16 years, belonging to the Kichwa Saraguro ethnic group and residing in Loja, Ecuador. Descriptive statistics were used. Absolute frequency and percentage were obtained for qualitative variables, and mean, standard deviation and median for quantitative variables. The Kolmogorov Smirnov test was used to determine the normality of the data, and the Mann-Whitney U test and chi-squared test were used to determine the relationship between sex and the components of the dental esthetic index and the need for orthodontic treatment. A value of α = 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Of the total population, 61.06% were found to have a mild malocclusion with unnecessary treatment. In 18.06% manifest malocclusion with optional treatment was found. Severe malocclusion with desirable treatment was found in 9.89% and very severe malocclusion with mandatory treatment in 10.97%. Significant differences of p = 0.028 were found in visible missing incisors, canines and premolars of the maxilla and mandible.
Conclusion: More than half of the participants from the Kichwa Saraguro ethnic group presented mild malocclusion with unnecessary treatment and, according to sex, more than a quarter of the female participants showed manifest malocclusion with optional treatment and severe malocclusion with highly desirable treatment.
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