Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs): Considerations for stomatologic use

Abstract

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Considerations about their dental use. An extensive updated review of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIN) was made to give an updated information to the dentist about their use. To this purpose, important aspects of the inflammatory process in mouth structures like pulpitis that present with their own peculiarities are reviewed. We identified one of the two autacoid families from cell membrane phospholipids, that is, eicosanoids derived from some polysaturated fatty acids, in particular, arachidonic acid, which, after the action of enzymes, give rise to the formation of prostaglandins, prostacyclins, thromboxane A2 and leukotrienes. After having known these antecedents, we focused on drugs used to release inflammatory signs and symptoms. Almost all non-steroidal agents that are currently used inhibit the action of constitutive cyclooxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2 induced in the site of inflammation; and thus the synthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes. The therapeutical benefit of COX-2 inhibitors present in today´s market is pointed out. Dose and frequencies of NSAIN, their interactions, adverse effects and counterindications are stated. Those NSAINs of interest for dental practice are suggested.