Malignancies in the head and neck: profile of patients seen at UFMG
Keywords:
head and neck neoplasms, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, epidemiology.Abstract
Introduction: in Brazil, the mortality from chronic diseases has shown a progressive rise, highlighting the malignant neoplasms as the second leading cause of death. The oral cancer is predominant in developing countries, particularly in lower socioeconomic sectors.
Objective: to verify the epidemiological profile of patients undergoing radiotherapy/chemotherapy and treated at the dental school of UFMG.
Methods: retrospective, descriptive and cross-sectional study. All the medical records of patients seen in the extension project "Support and dental care for patients with malignant and irradiated tumor in the head and the neck" were analyzed from 2005 to 2014. After data collection, they were entered and organized according to R program version 3.0.3.
Results: out of 458 records analyzed in the period of 2005 through 2014, three hundred and fifty one (76.6 %) and 107 (23.4 %) belonged to males and females, respectively, with mean age of 55.57 (± 12.2). It was found that the squamous cell carcinoma was prevailing in 334 (73. 2 %) cases. Regarding the location of the tumor, the oral cavity comprised 193 (43.0 %) cases, since the tumors located in the pharynx and the larynx were present in 156 (34.7 %). In terms of treatment, radiotherapy was performed in 409 (89.7 %) patients and chemotherapy in 237 (52.7 %) cases. By analyzing the post-radiation complications, there were found 144 (32.6 %) cases of mucositis, 76 (17.2 %) candidiasis and just 40 (10.6 %) osteoradionecrosis.
Conclusions: malignant neoplasms show higher prevalence in male patients and the 60 year age group was the most affected, with a significant number of patients treated with radiation and chemotherapy. The most frequent type of oral cancer was the squamous cell cancer, being mucositis the most frequent oral complication after treatment.
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