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Manifestaciones orales en pacientes con COVID-19: Una revisión sistemática
Resumen
Introducción: Este trabajo de revisión aborda la cuestión: ¿Cuáles son las manifestaciones orales descritas en pacientes con COVID-19?
Objetivo: El propósito es caracterizar las manifestaciones bucales referidas por investigaciones en pacientes con COVID-19.
Métodos: Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática centrada en las manifestaciones bucales del COVID-19. Se incluyeron artículos de investigación que involucraban a pacientes con COVID-19 y describían, al menos, una manifestación bucal. La estrategia de búsqueda se ejecutó en bases de datos como PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science. Se extrajo información detallada acerca de las manifestaciones orales presentes durante la enfermedad. La revisión utilizó la herramienta STROBE para evaluar el riesgo de sesgos y realizó un análisis descriptivo de los datos.
Resultados: Después de analizar 207 artículos y depurar los duplicados se seleccionaron 10 estudios que revelaron los datos de 2878 pacientes. Las manifestaciones bucales más comunes fueron: cambios en la mucosa oral (21,1 %), xerostomía (19,4 %) y pérdida del gusto (12,9 %). Otras, como úlceras o ampollas (5,0 %), presentaron menor incidencia (< 5 %). Las manifestaciones menos frecuentes incluyeron glositis (0,9 %), enantema (0,1 %) y dificultad para masticar (0,2 %), todas con menos del 2 % del total de pacientes estudiados.
Conclusiones: Los hallazgos destacan que los cambios en la mucosa oral, la xerostomía y la pérdida del gusto fueron las manifestaciones más frecuentes. Por otro lado, las úlceras, el dolor dental y síntomas menos comunes, como glositis o enantema, se presentaron en una minoría de casos. Estos resultados resaltan la importancia de reconocer una amplia gama de manifestaciones bucales en pacientes con COVID-19 para mejorar la detección temprana y la gestión clínica de la enfermedad.
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Referencias
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