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Efectividad clínica y radiográfica de las estatinas en el tratamiento de la periodontitis
Resumen
Introducción: La enfermedad periodontal es un padecimiento inflamatorio, infeccioso y multifactorial crónico, caracterizado por la inflamación de los tejidos blandos periodontales. En estadios avanzados (periodontitis), produce la destrucción progresiva de los tejidos duros periodontales, lo que conduce a la posterior pérdida de dientes, si esta no es tratada.
Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad clínica y radiográfica de las estatinas en el tratamiento de la periodontitis.
Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura hasta abril del 2019, en las bases de datos biomédicas: PubMed, Embase, SciELO, Science Direct, Scopus, Sistema de información sobre literatura gris en Europa, Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud, Google Académico y el Registro Central de Ensayos Clínicos Cochrane. Se definieron como criterios de selección de los estudios que fueran ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, con una antigüedad máxima de cinco años y que reportaran los efectos clínicos y radiográficos (profundidad al sondaje, nivel de inserción clínica, índice de placa, índice de sangrado, índice gingival, defecto intraóseo y profundidad del defecto) de las estatinas en el tratamiento de la periodontitis. Se analizó el riesgo de sesgo de los estudios por el Manual Cochrane de revisiones sistemáticas de intervenciones.
Resultados: La estrategia de búsqueda arrojó 19 artículos, de los cuales el 100 % reportó que había diferencia en la profundidad al sondaje, nivel de inserción clínica, índice de placa, índice de sangrado, índice gingival, defecto intraóseo y profundidad del defecto de las estatinas en el tratamiento de la periodontitis.
Conclusiones: La literatura revisada sugiere que el uso de estatinas es efectivo, clínica y radiográficamente, en el tratamiento de la periodontitis.
Palabras clave
Referencias
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